1 .		What are some factors that contribute to effective phonics instruction? [Hint]   calling children's attention to the relationship between sounds and symbols (letters).   embedding phonics instruction in the context of real reading and writing experiences.   providing opportunities for children to engage in active practice working with words.   all of the above.
2 .		Explain the difference between phonics and phonemic awareness. [Hint]   Phonics and phonemic awareness are basically the same thing.   Phonics has to do with sound/letter relationships, whereas phonemic awareness is related to children being able to hear sounds in words and being able to manipulate them.   Phonemic awareness involves much more writing than phonics does.   Phonics instruction can best be accomplished through the use of worksheets, and phonemic awareness can be developed by asking children to memorize rules of letter/sound combinations.
3 .		What is the role of developmental spelling as children become more proficient literacy learners? [Hint]   Children approximate conventional spelling, learning to represent the sounds they hear in words, beginning with the consonants first, then gradually moving to adding vowels as they grow as readers and writers.   Developmental spelling is a stage that not many students pass through.   Children's developmental spelling should be corrected each time they make errors.   All children will use developmental spelling for the same length of time.
4 .		How can studying children's writing samples help you understand what to teach next? [Hint]   When you look at children's writing, you are able to use their mistakes as a basis for making corrections and assigning grades.   Children's spelling errors can be used as spelling list words.   Children's development as writers can be identified in their writing and can provide teachers with information about what children don't yet understand.   Children's writing always indicates how well they read and can be used to assessed reading.
5 .		Why can Word Walls be so beneficial? [Hint]   They serve as dictionaries on the wall for students.   They foster independence and accountability in young writers.   Word Walls can display high-frequency words and also reveal patterns in how certain words are spelled.   all of the above.