- Anuria
- the failure of the kidneys to produce urine, resulting in a total lack of urination or output of less than 100 mL per day in an adult
- Bladder training
- client postpones voiding, resists or inhibits the sensation of urgency, and voids according to a timetable rather than according to the urge to void
- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- a measure of blood level of urea, the end product of protein metabolism
- Creatinine clearance
- a test uses 24-hour urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate, a sensitive indicator of renal function
- Credé's maneuver
- manual exertion of pressure on the bladder to force urine out
- Detrusor muscle
- the smooth muscle layers of the bladder
- Dialysis
- a technique by which fluids and molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane according to the rules of osmosis
- Diuresis
- the production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys without an increased fluid intake
- Diuretics
- agents that increase urine secretion
- Dysuria
- painful or difficult voiding
- Enuresis
- bedwetting; involuntary passing of urine in children after bladder control is achieved
- Flaccid
- weak or lax
- Glomerulus
- a tuft of capillaries in the kidney surrounded by Bowman’s capsule
- Habit training
- referred to as timed voiding or scheduled toileting, attempts to keep clients dry by having them void at regular intervals
- Irrigation
- a flushing or washing-out with a specified solution
- Meatus
- an opening, passage, or channel
- Micturition
- see Urination
- Neurogenic bladder
- interference with the normal mechanisms of urine elimination in which the client does not perceive bladder fullness and is unable to control the urinary sphincters; the result of impaired neurologic function
- Nocturia
- voiding two or more times at night
- Nocturnal enuresis
- involuntary urination at night
- Nocturnal frequency
- the need for older adults to arise during the night to urinate
- Oliguria
- production of abnormally small amounts of urine by the kidney
- Polydipsia
- excessive thirst
- Polyuria
- see Diuresis
- Prompted voiding
- supplements habit training by encouraging the client to try to use the toilet (prompting) and reminding the client when to void
- Reflux
- an automatic response of the body to a stimulus
- Residual urine
- the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after a person voids
- Suprapubic catheter
- catheter inserted through the abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis into the urinary bladder
- Trigone
- a triangular area at the base of the bladder marked by the ureter openings at the posterior corners and the opening of urethra at the anterior corner
- Urgency
- the feeling that one must urinate
- Urinary frequency
- the need to urinate often
- Urinary hesitancy
- a delay and difficulty in initiating voiding; often associated with dysuria
- Urinary incontinence
- a temporary or permanent inability of the external sphincter muscles to control the flow of urine from the bladder
- Urinary retention
- the accumulation of urine in the bladder and inability of the bladder to empty itself
- Urination
- (micturition, voiding) the process of emptying the bladder
- Voiding
- see Urination
