1. Explain the spinal neural circuitry that underlies muscle spasms.
2. Explain the goal of antispasmodic drug therapy.
3. Compare and contrast the roles of the following drug categories in treating muscle spasticity: centrally acting drugs and drugs acting directly on muscle tissue.
4. Identify important symptoms or disorders associated with an imbalance of calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin.
5. Discuss drug treatments for hypocalcemia, osteomalacia, and rickets.
6. Identify important disorders characterized by weak, fragile, or abnormal bones.
7. For each of the following drugs classes, know representative drugs, explain their mechanisms of action, primary actions, and/or important adverse effects.
   1. calcium supplements and vitamin D therapy
   2. estrogen replacement therapy
   3. estrogen receptor modulator drugs
   4. statins
   5. slow-release sodium fluoride
   6. biphosphonates
   7. calcitonin
8. Identify common musculoskeletal/joint disorders and the drugs used to treat them.

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