After reading the chapter, you should be able to:

• Become familiar with the history of tissue culture and micropropagation
• Describe the types of tissue culture systems
• Describe micropropagation of plantlets
• Determine the systems used for micropropagation
• Describe reproduction of seedlings in tissue culture
• Define culture systems for callus, cells, and protoplasts
• Describe somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production
• Define control of the tissue culture environment
• Describe special problems encountered in tissue culture
• Determine practices that lead to variation in micropropagated plants