After reading the chapter, you should be able to:

• Discuss the uses of layering in propagation
• Understand the physiological characteristics of layering
• Describe soil conditions for field layering
• Describe the procedures for doing different layering techniques including simple, compound, serpentine, air, mound, trench, drop, and tip
• Describe the different methods for natural layering including tip layering, runners, stolons, offsets, suckers, and crowns