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Home arrow Chapter 11 arrow Practice Test

Practice Test


This activity contains 32 questions.

Question 1
1
Open Hint for Question 1 in a new window		 ____________ is a form of grafting that uses a smaller scion piece sometimes just a piece of the stem with an axillary bud.
 
End of Question 1


Question 2
2
Open Hint for Question 2 in a new window		 _____________ is the union of a root system (understock) with a shoot system (scion) in such a manner that they subsequently grow and develop as one composite (compound) plant.
 
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Question 3
3
Open Hint for Question 3 in a new window		 ___________ are composed of parenchyma cells and is a response to wounding; its development is important in graft union formation.
 
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Question 4
4
Open Hint for Question 4 in a new window		 ______________ is the grafting or budding of an interstock (interstem) between the rootstock and scion.
 
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Question 5
5
Open Hint for Question 5 in a new window		 _____________ is the grafting of a new cultivar onto established trees in the orchard.
 
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Question 6
6
Open Hint for Question 6 in a new window		 ________________ is caused by living organisms such as insects, pathogens, nematodes, which reduce growth and can sometimes kill plants.
 
End of Question 6


Question 7
7
Open Hint for Question 7 in a new window		 ________________ is caused by environmental factors such as drought, low temperature, low oxygen, and salinity which reduce growth and can sometimes kill plants.
 
End of Question 7


Question 8
8
Open Hint for Question 8 in a new window		 ________________ are new meristematic areas initiated from parenchyma cells such as the vascular cambium that must develop in the callus bridge of a grafted plant.
 
End of Question 8


Question 9
9
Open Hint for Question 9 in a new window		 _______________ is the ability of two different plants, grafted together, to produce a successful union and to develop satisfactorily into a composite or compound plant.
 
End of Question 9


Question 10
10
Open Hint for Question 10 in a new window		 ___________________ is an interruption in cambial and vascular continuity leading to a smooth break at the point of the graft union, causing graft failure. It is caused by adverse physiological responses between the grafting partners, disease or anatomical abnormalities.
 
End of Question 10


Question 11
11
Open Hint for Question 11 in a new window		 ________________ are minute cytoplasmic threads that extend through openings in cell walls and connect the protoplasts of adjacent living cells at the graft interface.
 
End of Question 11


Question 12
12
Open Hint for Question 12 in a new window		 ______________ accumulate along the graft interface and are a series of flattened plates or double lamellae—one of the component parts of the Golgi apparatus; they appear to secrete materials into the cell wall space between the graft components via vesicle migration to the plasmalemma.
 
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Question 13
13
Open Hint for Question 13 in a new window		 The ____________________ is a membrane system that divides the cytoplasm into compartments and channels. The rough form of this is densely coated with ribosomes, whereas the smooth form has fewer ribosomes.
 
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Question 14
14
Open Hint for Question 14 in a new window		 ___________________ is defined as the union of specific cellular groups on the surfaces of the interacting cells that results in a specific defined response, e.g., pollen-stigma compatibility-incompatibility recognition responses with glycoprotein surface receptors in flowering plants (26).
 
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Question 15
15
Open Hint for Question 15 in a new window		 The _________________ (wound-type vascular elements) is generally the first differentiated tissue to bridge the graft union, followed by wound-repair phloem.
 
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Question 16
16
Open Hint for Question 16 in a new window		 ___________is an unsuccessful graft caused by anatomical mismatching, poor craftsmanship, adverse environmental conditions, disease, and graft incompatibility.
 
End of Question 16


Question 17
17
Open Hint for Question 17 in a new window		 ___________are the principal fruiting unit in apple, which may be classified as short shoots. The terminal bud of this may be either vegetative, containing only leaves, or reproductive. Reproductive buds of apple are mixed buds that produce both flowers and leaves.
 
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Question 18
18
Open Hint for Question 18 in a new window		 ______________ is when the shoot of the rootstock is completely removed at the time the graft is made, e.g., in-lay bark graft of pecan.
 
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Question 19
19
Open Hint for Question 19 in a new window		 _____________ is the bending (restriction) or cutting half-way through the rootstock stem above the bud union; this helps to force out the bud and maintain growth of the grafted plant.
 
End of Question 19


Question 20
20
Open Hint for Question 20 in a new window		 _____________ is when grafting procedures are done on a bench in a protected environment with rootstock that is not initially planted.
 
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Question 21
21
Open Hint for Question 21 in a new window		 _____________ are mycoplasma-like organisms which can cause pathogen-induced incompatibility in grafted plants.
 
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Question 22
22
Open Hint for Question 22 in a new window		 _____________ is the clonal propagation of a plant by rooted cutting, without propagating the cultivar as a grafted rootstock.
 
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Question 23
23
Open Hint for Question 23 in a new window		 ___________ is when a plant has strong root pressure that causes excess sap flow that can reduce grafting success.
 
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Question 24
24
Open Hint for Question 24 in a new window		 The ___________ is the end closest to the crown of the plant, whereas the _______ end is furthest away from the crown.
 
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Question 25
25
Open Hint for Question 25 in a new window		 The _________ is the junction of the root and shoot system of a plant.
 
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Question 26
26
Open Hint for Question 26 in a new window		 A ___________ is when the scion and rootstock are from a different cultivar or species.
 
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Question 27
27
Open Hint for Question 27 in a new window		 ______________ are the influence of one organ over another which is influenced by photohormones, e.g. high ABA produced in the root tips of dwarfing apple rootstock reduce the vegetative growth of the scion.
 
End of Question 27


Question 28
28
Open Hint for Question 28 in a new window		 A _____________ is a morphological, biochemical, genetic indication of a trait, i.e. higher ABA in shoot bark of dwarfing compared to a vigorous apple rootstock.