After reading the chapter, you should be able to:

• Describe the role of grafting in human history
• Distinguish between the use of seedling and clonal rootstocks
• Describe how natural grafting can affect tree performance
• Describe how the rootstock and scion heal together during grafting
• Define how specific genetic, environmental, and management factors and polarity affect graft success
• Determine what kinds of plants can be grafted
• Define graft incompatibility—its symptoms, causes, and control
• Describe important ways the rootstock (root system) influences the scion (shoot system) and vice versa