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Chapter 9

Practice Test

Practice Test


This activity contains 34 questions.

	__________________ arise from any plant part other than terminal, lateral or latent buds on stems. These form irregularly on older portions of a plant and not at the stem tips or in the leaf axils. They do not have a bud trace all the way to the pith. It is an embryonic shoot.   Adventitious buds (and shoots) Adventitious roots Meristematic cells Budwood

	______________ these structures arise from any plant part other than by the normal development and ontogeny of the seedling root and its branches; they can also be regenerated from root-pruned seedlings.   Burr knots Adventitious roots Embryony Adventitious buds (and shoots)

	__________________ arise from the dedifferentiation of parenchyma cells; when they originate from callus (also composed of parenchyma cells) their organogenesis is termed “indirect”.   Meristem tissue Adventitious organs Adventitious roots Meristemoid

	_________________ is the periodic application of water droplets that condense on leaves and shoots of cuttings during propagation.   Water quality Fog systems Intermittent mist Wetting agents

	___________________ is the asexual reproduction of genetically uniform copies (clones) of plants using propagules such as stem, leaf and root cuttings.   Plug propagation Clonal regeneration or reproduction Anticlinal division Micropropagation

	_____________________ are similar to intermittent mist, except the particle size of the water applied is much finer and water does not condense on the surfaces of the cutting.   Fog systems Contact polyethelene systems Protected culture Static control systems

	_________________ are preformed roots and are not desirable and are selected against in modern apple rootstock breeding programs. Though rooting of cuttings is easier, clusters of these structures can later girdle the stem.   Adventitious roots Callus Burr knots Root morphogen

	_______________ is the clonal multiplication of plants with propagules of stems, leaves or roots.   Graftage Clonal regeneration Anticlinal division Serial propagation

	________________________ are formed “anew” (from scratch) from differentiated cells that experience a stimulus, such as through wounding, to dedifferentiate into roots.   Meristem tissue Adventitious organs De Novo adventitious roots Sclerenchyma ring

	An irregular mass of parenchyma cells in various stages of lignification is a ______________.   Meristemoid Callus Sclerenchyma ring Plagiotrophic

	____________________ is a mass of callus cells that forms a protective layer behind the wounded surface of a cutting.   Burr knot Wound periderm Sclerenchyma ring Meristem tissue

	_______________ are the basic cells from which all other differentiated cells and tissues are derived, including adventitious organs.   Parenchyma cells Meristematic cells Rhizocaline Sclereid cells

	_______________ is composed of cells that are densely cytoplasmic, with a large nucleus relative to cell size and are primarily concerned with protoplasmic synthesis and formation of new cells by division.   Clonal regeneration Wound periderm Meristem tissue Parenchyma cells

	________________ may form a physical barrier that retards the elongation of root primordia.   Parenchyma cells Plasmids Sclereid cells Meristematic cells

	A _________________ is a cell or group of cells constituting an active locus of meristematic activity in a tissue composed of somewhat older, differentiated cells; they can develop into root primordia or adventitious buds.   Root morphogen Sclerenchyma ring Meristemoid Burr knot

	This occurs when the cell wall plate is formed perpendicular to the circumference of the stem and is called __________________.   Meristem tissue Anticlinal division Dedifferentiation Callus

	_______________________ is tissue that gives rise to the vascular system and is important in the early stages of adventitious root formation.   Plasmids Wound periderm Meristemoid Vascular cambium

	__________________ is the early stage of adventitious root or bud formation when differentiated cells are triggered to form new meristematic regions.   Dedifferentiation De Novo adventitious roots Anticlinal division Meristemoid

	____________________ is the control of one organ over the development of another, which is mediated by phytohormones.Auxin produced from axillary buds is transported basipetally down the shoot and is important in subsequent root formation at the base of a cutting.   Orthotropic Anticlinal division Dedifferentiation Correlative effects

	This phytohormone is produced from axillary buds, is transported basipetally down the shoot, is important in subsequent root formation at the base of a cutting, and is called ___________.   Rhizocaline Auxin Plasmid Root morphogen

	The __________________is a physiological condition of the buds of many woody perennial species beginning shortly after the buds are formed. While in this condition, they will not expand into flowers or leafy shoots even under suitable growing conditions. After exposure to sufficient chilling hours (3 to 5° C), however, the “rest” influence is broken, and the buds will develop normally with the advent of favorable growing temperatures.   "rest period" Correlative effect Pre-severance Post-severance

	Cuttings of _________________ are difficult-to-root . They lack a rooting morphogen(s) and/or lack the cell sensitivity to respond to the morphogen(s), even though natural auxin may or may not be present in abundance.   Recalcitrant plants Meristemoids Plagiotrophic Adventitious organs

	________________ is a hypothetical chemical complex, including auxin, and was considered important in the chain of reactions leading to root initiation.   T-DNA Auxin Root morphogen Rhizocaline

	___________________ is an endogenous substance(s) that stimulates rooting. It may be auxin or a combination of substance(s) that with auxin promote rooting.   Plasmid Root morphogen Auxin Organogenesis

	A ____________________ is the use of a plant organ or tissue to respond morphologically to chemical stimulation, such as the rooting response of mung-bean hypocotyl cuttings to various chemicals.   Rooting bioassy Root morphogen Clonal regeneration Serial propagation

	_____________ are small molecules of extrachromosomal DNA that carry only a few genes and occur in the cytoplasm of a bacterium.   T-DNA Plasmids Rhizocaline Auxins

	___________ is the portion of the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid (i.e., from Agrobacterium rhizogenes) which is inserted into the plant genome (i.e., of a difficult-to-root species) and stabilized; hence this normally difficult-to-root species is potentially “transformed” to an easy-to-root clone.   T-DNA IBA NAA Rhizocaline

	_____________ is the development of plants or plant parts in the absence