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Chapter 6

Practice Test

Practice Test


This activity contains 19 questions.

	________________ is a period of cold temperature required by plants to induce flowering. In natural systems, these crops grow in late summer, are chilled over winter and then flower in early spring.   Pregermination Fermentation Fermentation Cryopreservation

	_______________ is the time during seed development when the seeds can be harvested without significant reduction in seed quality for germination.   Harvest maturity High moisture Seed conditioning Flotation

	__________________ set the standards for seed testing and can also train and certify seed analysts.   Tetrazolium test Purity testing Federal Seed Act Seed Testing Associations

	_________________ is the most common test for seed quality. It is performed according to standards set by seed testing associations often by certified seed analysts. It represents the percentage of seedlings in a seed lot that germinate normally.   Flotation Standard germination Genetic purity Seed conditioning

	In a standard germination test, only seeds that are normal are counted as germinated_________________ for the major crops is described (often in pictures) in the rules for seed testing. In general, normal seedlings have elongated radicle and hypocotyl and at least one enlarged cotyledon.   Normal seedlings Abnormal seedlings Hard seeds Vigorous seedlings

	_________ is assessed in a seed lot by a seed analyst that is certified for purity tests. It involves meticulous evaluation of a seed lot for any foreign material including seeds.   Uniformity Vigor Purity Viability

	_____________ vary by state to state, but they have been designated as weed species that must be identified in the seed lot and may cause the whole seed lot to be un-saleable.   Invasive plants Abnormal seedlings Noxious weeds Native plants

	The________ of a seed lot is an estimate of the seed’s ability to germinate when the environmental conditions are not ideal for germination. Seed lots with high vigor show high germination percentage and uniform seedling emergence.   Purity Vigor Viability Health

	_____________ are used most often for field-seeded crops that are prone to insect and disease attack. Early season plantings that are slower to emerge because of cool soils benefit from seed protectants.   Seed protectants Biocontrol Thermotherapy Chemical treatments

	_______________ are an alternative to chemicals for seed protection against soil-borne diseases. These microbes compete with pathogenic microbes to help seedlings emerge before they are attached.   Film coatings Safners Heat treatments Beneficial microbes

	Mechanical sowing of seeds reduces labor costs and more precisely sows seed at appropriate spacing and density. _____________ that have a round, uniform shape make it easier for machine sowing. Pelleted seeds are most commonly used in greenhouse bedding plant production and precision sown vegetable crops.   Pregerminated seeds Pelleted seeds Film coated seeds "Silver bullets"

	____________ is a controlled hydration seed treatment that induces faster, uniform germination. This effect is most noticeable when seeds are sown in less than favorable environments. Primed seeds are most often used in greenhouse bedding plant production to shorten the time to produce seedling plugs, and in crops like pansy and lettuce to avoid reduced germination due to high temperature.   Pregermination Seed priming seed pelleting Regermination

	_______________ is a technique to sow pregerminated seeds where the radicle has emerged and is vulnerable to damage. Germinated seeds are mixed in a gel for sowing. Fluid drilling has not been used extensively because of the expense and difficulty in timing. It has its greatest utility in high value vegetable crops sown in cool soils for early harvest.   Fluid drilling Matrix seed priming Cryopreservation Osmoconditioning

	_______________ for bedding plants uses a special process to synchronize radicle emergence and then slowly dry seeds prior to sowing. Under the right conditions, this treatment insures near 100% germination.   Thermotherapy Inoculation Seed pelleting Pregerminated seeds

	______________ do not tolerate drying after seed development. They offer special changes in storage because they are short-lived.   Recalcitrant seeds Medium-lived seeds Long-lived seeds vegetable seeds

	The majority of crop plants have __________. These seeds tolerate drying after seed development and they can usually be stored for years in this dry state.   Pregerminated seeds Orthodox seeds Recalcitrant Short-lived

	___________ is a measure of whether the seed is alive and can germinate.   Purity Vigor Viability Pregermination

	_________________ is the loss of vigor and viability in a seed during storage.   Accelerated aging Seed longevity Recalcitrant Seed deterioration

	_________________ is the storage of seeds or vegetative organs at ultra low temperature. This is most common in liquid nitrogen at –198o C.   Cold test Cryopreservation Thermotherapy Accelerated aging

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