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Chapter 3

This activity contains 16 questions.

Identify two characteristics of authoritarian parenting that could result in children failing to develop social skills. Identify one characteristic of permissive parenting that could lead to children being unable to set long-term goals.

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The influence of peers on academic success can be interpreted in different ways. One is selection; for example, low achievers seek out other low achievers. Offer one other interpretation based on the information in this section.

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Using Piaget's theory as a basis, explain why young children encounter difficulties with perspective-taking. What factor influencing development helps them improve their perspective-taking abilities?

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Which step of social problem solving is most closely related to perspective-taking? Explain. What can teachers do to develop this ability in students?

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Flaming is the practice of name calling and using epithets on the Internet. Explain why a person would be more likely to behave inappropriately on the Internet than in person.

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Consider the statement, "Motivation is an important part of Erikson's theory, but it isn't a part of Piaget's theory". Is this statement true or false? Explain.

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Research indicates that identity formation occurs later for American youth (after high school) than for youth in other countries. Why do you think this is so?

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Is competition a generally healthy or unhealthy component of the school curriculum? Explain, using information from this section.

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What parts of the total school experience most influence the development of social and physical self-concepts? What does this idea suggest about the importance of a total school program?

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What, specifically, is the primary source of information students use to develop their academic self-concepts? Describe what you as a teacher can do to help low achievers form positive self-concepts.

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Explain how positive ethnic role models can assist in identity-resolution tasks, such as independence, career decision making, sexual adjustment, and peer-group relations.

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Use Piaget's concept of egocentrism to explain the difference between external and autonomous morality. Describe what you as a teacher can do to help students progress from one stage to the next.

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What teacher behaviors contribute to students continuing to reason at the preconventional level? What can teachers do to help students move to higher levels?

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Describe the reasoning of a person at Stage 5 in responding to the problem of people cheating on their income taxes.

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Research indicates that teachers reasoning at Kohlberg's higher stages are more likely to be democratic and involve students more in classroom discussions than teachers reasoning at lower levels. Explain why this research is likely the case.

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Using Piaget's theory, predict the stage of cognitive development a learner must reach to reason at the conventional level. What stage of cognitive development would be required for postconventional reasoning?

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