1 .		"Beginning of the year paperwork used to be a snap under the old system," Brad complained, in the teacher's lounge, during his third period break. "I know what you mean. It seems as though there are different forms for everything, and they have so much red tape around them these days that you have to unwrap them before you can fill them out, in triplicate no less," Pam agreed. "I sure miss the good old days before all the paper chase. I'll never get used to it. It makes me crazy," she continued. Brad shook his head in agreement and in disgust. The Piagetian concept most closely related to the teachers' reactions in this illustration is     disequilibrium.   transformation.   adaptation to promote accommodation.   assimilation.
2 .		When Taren's brother, Pete, went off to college, she inherited his computer. At first, her fingers couldn't quite reach all the keys on the keyboard, but after a couple of years her digit span allowed her to type 30 words per minute (with few mistakes). Taren's ability to reach the keys after 2 years best illustrates an example of     formation of a typing scheme.   becoming concrete operational using a concrete object.   assimilation.   maturation.
3 .		On her twelfth birthday, Taren received a new computer from her parents. She confessed to her grandmother that she can now write letters and type book reports much easier than she could with her brother's old one, but at first, with all the software installation, macros, Web access, and e-mail, it was like learning to use a computer all over again. Her transition difficulty best illustrates Piaget's concept of     maturation.   solving an abstract problem-formal operational stage.   adapting through the process of assimilation.   adapting through the process of accommodation.
4 .		Taren's grandmother was so impressed with her granddaughter's progress with the new computer that she gave Taren some new software for her birthday. Taren was able to install and use the new software with little difficulty. Taren's ability to install and use the new computer best illustrates     adapting through the process of accommodation.   adapting through the process of assimilation.   social interaction.   maturation.
5 .		Sandra, a second-year teacher, smiled as she began her lesson on arthropods (an animal classification that includes crustaceans, insects, millipedes, arachnids, and centipedes). There always seemed to be one or two students who offered the correct similarities among her examples before the rest had a chance to examine everything. At first this bothered her, making her feel as if the lesson had been blown before she had a chance to begin. Now when this happens, she chalks it up to parent involvement and continues through the lesson, hoping to reinforce the fine points of the lesson with the students who have seen it before. The Piagetean concept that most closely relates to the description of the students' varying behaviors is     social experience.   experience with the physical world.   adapting to maintain equilibrium.   the preoperational stage of development.
6 .		In the story, Pooh and The Honey Tree, Pooh visits his friend Rabbit and invites himself down into Rabbit's hole for a drop of honey. He proceeds to eat many jars of honey, which results in an expansion of his waistline. When Pooh tries to exit Rabbit's hole, he becomes "irremovably stuck." Pooh remarks that "it [being stuck] all comes from having front doors that aren't big enough." Rabbit responds that "it all comes from eating too much." Pooh's view of being stuck most closely relates to Piaget's concept of     centration.   adaptation.   irreversibility.   transformation.
7 .		When Pooh's friends hear of his predicament, they all visit him and offer different suggestions on how to extricate him from Rabbit's hole. Finally, they sensibly agree that he must not eat any more honey, and when he becomes thin enough, they will all help pull him out. If, in light of this friends' plan, Pooh insists that the front door width is the problem, the concept best illustrated is     conservation.   irreversibility.   social interaction.   egocentrism.
8 .		Pooh does finally accept his fate and agrees with his friends that the solution lies in not eating any more honey until he is loosened. There are moments he is sorely tempted to eat, especially when he feels his tummy rumbling. Piaget's concept that most closely relates to Pooh concluding that his friends' solution is valid is    centration.   development.   social interaction.   egocentrism.
9 .		Matt gleefully reports to his wife that people will buy all kinds of junk at a garage sale. His wife soberly points out that the junk he's referring to once belonged to him, and it was something he paid good money for. Undaunted, Matt continues to fan his profit in front of her and says, "Dinner is on me tonight." The stage of development best illustrated in this example is     sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
10 .		Susu finishes recording the mass of various minerals she just weighed using a scale in science lab. Her next task is to measure the volume of each in order to calculate the density. After she does this, she is asked to rank the minerals according to their density from most to least dense. Susu correctly completes the task. The stage of development best illustrated in this example is     sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
11 .		Steve ponders a math problem that asks for the number of handshakes if six people at a meeting shake hands just once with each other. The problem then asks for the number of handshakes if there are n people. Steve arrives at the correct answers after a couple of minutes without the use of calculator or pencil and paper. The stage of development best illustrated in this example is     sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
12 .		Siohban is in the same math class as Steve. He is able to answer the same problem, but with the aid of pencil and paper by drawing a matrix of sorts to represent the six people in the handshake problem. He has some difficulty with arriving at n people, never fully understanding the relationship. The stage of development best illustrated in this example is    sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
13 .		Andrew's mom exclaims that she would like to squeeze the pudding out of his baby sister. Later that day Andrew asks why babies have pudding inside instead of blood and bones. The stage of development best illustrated in this example is     sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
14 .		"Me, my daddy bye bye," explains Joseph to his teacher when his dad picks him up from extended day care. The stage of development best illustrated in this example is     sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
15 .		Careme and her mom see a man driving a car, and as it comes alongside the car she's riding in she exclaims, "Daddy!" The stage of development best illustrated in this example is     sensorimotor.   preoperational.   concrete operational.   formal operational.
16 .		Kathy May, an elementary teacher, just completed an educational psychology course at a local college as a part of recertification. She was excited about implementing some of the strategies she learned to enhance the cognition and language development of her students. While at the chalkboard during math class, Kathy now consciously talks aloud as if she were doing the problem inside her head. "Look up here, class, and pay attention," she says. "Now . . . to add fractions with like denominators, I simply add the numerators together and simplify. . . oh, in this problem the denominators are different, so first I have to. . . ," she continues. Based on the information the concept involved most closely relates to     meta-attention.   modeling a scheme for using the blackboard.   modeling the use of inner speech.   meta-memory.
17 .		Refer to the example in Question 16. During language arts, Kathy gives her students a "fact finder" to complete before they write the final draft for their book reports. Cindy, one of her students, remarks to a classmate: "Miss May's 'fact finder' sure helps me remember stuff about the book I read. Before, I would leave out all kinds of stuff, like point of view and how all the main characters fit in." The concept best illustrated is     using meta-memory as a strategy.   shared understanding of the book report between Kathy and Cindy.   assisting Cindy in the zone of proximal development.   adapting instructional materials as a scaffold to assist students like Cindy.
18 .		Refer to the example in Question 16. As a Friday afternoon replacement for movie watching, Kathy now uses the Red Box activity of student impromptu speeches. The Red Box contains student-generated topics, or a student may select a current event from the week's news. Students are chosen at random and everyone has an opportunity. At first, the students weren't able to use all thirty seconds. Now she has to set a timer so they stop at the end of the allotted time. The concept most closely related to adopting this practice is     maintaining equilibrium.   language acquisition.   social interaction.   LAD.