Audio Glossary

deindustrialization   a shift in the job market from relatively well-paid manufacturing jobs to lower-paid employment in service industries (e.g., janitorial work); also called structural unemployment

deinstitutionalization   the process of discharging large numbers of mentally ill persons from mental institutions in an attempt to enable them to live in the least restrictive environment possible

gentrification   the displacement of low-income housing by higher-income space use such as luxury apartments, condominiums, or office buildings

homeless individual   a person who “lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; and…has a primary residence that is: (a) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary accommodations… (b) an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized, or (c) a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings” (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2005t, p. 1)

means-tested income transfers   the distribution of cash or noncash assistance to individuals and families on the basis of income

noninstitutionalization   a lack of hospitalization of persons with mental problems who are in need of care

poverty   “having insufficient money, goods, or means of support” (Wilton, 2004, p. 26); most common definition in the United States is an income lower than the federally identified poverty level

safe havens   secure, stable places of residence for homeless substance abusers that place few demands on those receiving help

structural unemployment (deindustrialization)   a shift in the job market from relatively well-paid manufacturing jobs to lower-paid employment in service industries (e.g., janitorial work)

worst-case housing   having an income below 50% of the area median income, being involuntarily displaced from housing, paying more than half of one’s income for rent and utilities, or living in substandard housing