After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
- Describe the incidence, morbidity, mortality, and risk factors predisposing to urologic and nephrologic emergencies.
- Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the organs and structures related to the urinary system.
- Define referred pain and visceral pain as they relate to urology.
- Describe the questioning technique and specific questions the paramedic should use when gathering a focused history in a patient with abdominal pain.
- Describe the technique for performing a comprehensive physical examination of a patient complaining of abdominal pain.
- Define acute renal failure.
- Discuss the pathophysiology of acute renal failure.
- Recognize the signs and symptoms related to acute renal failure.
- Describe the management of acute renal failure.
- Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with acute renal failure.
- Define chronic renal failure.
- Discuss the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure.
- Recognize the signs and symptoms related to chronic renal failure.
- Describe the management of chronic renal failure.
- Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with chronic renal failure.
- Define renal dialysis.
- Discuss the common complications of renal dialysis.
- Define renal calculi.
- Discuss the pathophysiology of renal calculi.
- Recognize the signs and symptoms related to renal calculi.
- Describe the management of renal calculi.
- Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with renal calculi.
- Define urinary tract infection.
- Discuss the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection.
- Recognize the signs and symptoms related to urinary tract infection.
- Describe the management of a urinary tract infection.
- Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with a urinary tract infection.
- Apply epidemiology to develop prevention strategies for urologic and nephrologic emergencies.
- Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with abdominal pain.
- Synthesize assessment findings and patient history information to accurately differentiate between pain of a urologic or nephrologic emergency and that of another origin.
- Develop, execute, and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression made in the assessment.
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