After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
- Recognize hazards/potential hazards associated with the medical and trauma scene.
- Identify unsafe scenes and describe methods for making them safe.
- Discuss common mechanisms of injury/nature of illness.
- Predict patterns of injury based on mechanism of injury.
- Discuss the reason for identifying the total number of patients at the scene.
- Organize the management of a scene following size-up.
- Explain the reasons for identifying the need for additional help or assistance during the scene size-up.
- Summarize the reasons for forming a general impression of the patient.
- Discuss methods of assessing mental status/levels of consciousness in the adult, infant, and child patient.
- Discuss methods of assessing and securing the airway in the adult, child, and infant patient.
- State reasons for cervical spine management for the trauma patient.
- Analyze a scene to determine if spinal precautions are required.
- Describe methods for assessing respiration in the adult, child, and infant patient.
- Describe the methods used to locate and assess a pulse in an adult, child, and infant patient.
- Discuss the need for assessing the patient for external bleeding.
- Describe normal and abnormal findings when assessing skin color, temperature, and condition.
- Explain the reason and process for prioritizing a patient for care and transport.
- Use the findings of the initial assessment to determine the patient's perfusion status.
- Describe orthostatic vital signs and evaluate their usefulness in assessing a patient in shock.
- Describe the medical patient physical examination.
- Differentiate between the assessment for an unresponsive, altered mental status, and alert medical patients.
- Discuss the reasons for reconsidering the mechanism of injury.
- Recite examples and explain why patients should receive a rapid trauma assessment.
- Describe the trauma patient physical examination.
- Describe the elements of the rapid trauma assessment and discuss their evaluation.
- Identify cases when the rapid assessment is suspended to provide patient care.
- Discuss the reason for performing a focused history and physical exam.
- Describe when and why a detailed physical examination is necessary.
- Discuss the components of the detailed physical examination.
- Explain what additional care is provided while performing the detailed physical exam.
- Distinguish between the detailed physical exam that is performed on a trauma patient and that of the medical patient.
- Differentiate between patients requiring a detailed physical exam and those who do not.
- Discuss the rationale for repeating the initial assessment as part of the ongoing assessment.
- Describe the components of the ongoing assessment.
- Describe trending of assessment components.
- Discuss medical identification devices/systems.
- Given several preprogrammed and moulaged medical and trauma patients, provide the appropriate scene survey, initial assessment, focused assessment, detailed assessment, and ongoing assessments.
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