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Chapter 8

Practice Quiz

Practice Quiz

This activity contains 21 questions.

	Which of the following is NOT possible using a causal-comparative design?   Seeking possible causes for a given effect Seeking possible effects for a given cause Demonstrating causation Comparing groups that differ on some variable

	Causal-comparative research is also known as ex-post-facto research because   variables are studied in retrospect. conclusions drawn on the basis of studies are assumed to be factual. two or more groups are compared on at least one variable. results demonstrate cause and effect relationships.

	When Dr. Watson compares the test scores of a group of students who participated in extracurricular activities with the scores of students who did not participate, he is using a   correlational design. retrospective causal-comparative design. prospective causal-comparative design. experimental design.

	Causal-comparative and correlational studies are similar in that both   attempt to investigate causal relationships. lack manipulation of variables. involve two or more variables and one group. involve two or more groups and one independent variable.

	Causal-comparative and correlational research differ from one another because   causal-comparative research attempts to understand cause and effect while correlational research does not do so. causal-comparative research involves two groups while correlational research involves only one. causal-comparative research involves comparisons while correlational research involves relationships. all of these.

	Causal-comparative research and experimental research are similar in that   neither demonstrate causation. both study relationships between two or more variables in one group. both demonstrate causation. both involve group comparisons.

	Which of the following could be a non-manipulated independent variable in a causal-comparative study?   Gender Ethnicity Learning style All of these

	The independent variable in a causal-comparative study is not manipulated because   it cannot be manipulated for ethical reasons. it literally cannot be manipulated. it simply has not been manipulated. all of these

	Which of the following is a potential result of a good causal-comparative study?   Results can lead to experimental studies that establish causality. Results can inform decisions. The design permits the investigation of variables that cannot or should not be manipulated. All of these

	The unique characteristic of causal-comparative designs is the lack of   differences between groups on the independent variable. measures of the dependent variable. reliable results. pretests of both groups.

	The major difference between an experimental control group and comparison group design involves the   measurement of the dependent variable. reliability of the results. use of a "treatment" by the control group. use of a "pretest" by the comparison group.

	Why is it advantageous to randomly select subjects from those available in each of the preexisting groups?   Representation of the subjects in each group is assured. Equal numbers of subjects can participate. Specific subjects can be targeted for participation. Sample sizes can be controlled.

	Why is the control of extraneous variables so important in causal-comparative studies?   The lack of randomization creates a concern about the equivalence of groups. The lack of the researcher's direct manipulation of the independent variable creates concerns about the treatment fidelity. The impact of extraneous variables could be problematic. All of these

	Which of the following is NOT a control procedure used in causal-comparative research?   Matching Subgroups Chi square Analysis of covariance

	Which of the following control procedures is LEAST likely to limit the number of subjects that can be included?   Matching Comparing homogenous groups Pair-wise matching Factorial analysis of variance

	A research investigated college GPA for residential and nonresidential students in three levels of family income. The likely control variable is   College GPA Residential or nonresidential status College completion rate Family income

	The statistical procedure used to study the interaction of two independent variables on the dependent variable is known as   Chi square. t test. factorial analysis of variance. analysis of covariance.

	An analysis of covariance "controls" extraneous variables through the   statistical adjustment of the dependent variable scores for differences on the extraneous variables. systematic elimination of bias. restriction of sample size. use of homogenous groups.

	Which of the following is NOT an inferential statistic?   t test Standard deviation Analysis of variance Chi square

	A researcher studies three groups of students who vary in level of self-confidence. He finds that students with higher self-confidence are more popular among their peers. The most plausible conclusion is that   we do not know what causes self-confidence or popularity. self-confidence causes popularity. popularity causes self-confidence. self-confidence and popularity are related.

	Which of the following could NOT be a cause of the variation in high school achievement?   College attendance Reading ability Parental involvement Teacher expectations

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