1 .		Causal-comparative research is also known as ex post facto research because [Hint]   variables are studied in retrospect.   conclusions drawn on the basis of studies are assumed to be factual.   two or more groups are compared on at least one variable.   results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships.
2 .		In a study of the effect of gender on career choice, the dependent variable is [Hint]   gender.   blue-collar jobs.   career choice.   white-collar jobs.
3 .		How many independent variables are there in a causal-comparative study investigating the effect of gender on empathy? [Hint]   Two.   One.   It depends on how many levels of empathy are studied.   There are no independent variables.