1 .		Which of the following is NOT possible using causal-comparative design? [Hint]   Seeking possible causes for a given effect.   Seeking possible effects for a given cause.   Demonstrating causation.   Comparing groups that differ on some variable.
2 .		Causal-comparative research is also known as ex post facto research because [Hint]   variables are studied in retrospect.   conclusions drawn on the basis of studies are assumed to be factual.   two or more groups are compared on at least one variable.   results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships.
3 .		Causal-comparative and correlational studies are similar in that [Hint]   both attempt to investigate causal relationships.   both lack manipulation of variables.   both involve two or more variables and one group.   both involve two or more groups and one independent variable.
4 .		Causal-comparative and experimental research are similar in that [Hint]   neither demonstrates causation.   both study relationships between two or more variables in one group.   both demonstrate causation.   both involve group comparisons.
5 .		Random assignment to treatment groups is characteristic of which kind of research? [Hint]   Causal-comparative   Correlational   Experimental   Descriptive
6 .		Which of the following could NOT be an independent variable in experimental research? [Hint]   Intelligence   Time of day that classes begin   Method of instruction   Size of class
7 .		A researcher studies three groups of students who vary in level of self-confidence. She finds that students with higher self-confidence are more popular among their peers. The most plausible conclusion is that [Hint]   we do not know what causes self-confidence or popularity.   self-confidence causes popularity.   popularity causes self-confidence.   self-confidence and popularity are related.
8 .		The control procedure that allows the researcher to determine the effect of the independent variable and the control variable on the dependent variable both separately and in combination is [Hint]   analysis of covariance.   matching.   forming subgroups to represent all levels of the control variable.   randomization.
9 .		Which of the following control procedures is LEAST likely to limit the number of subjects that can be included? [Hint]   Matching   Comparing homogeneous groups   Pair-wise matching   Factorial analysis of variance
10 .		Which of the following is not an inferential statistic? [Hint]   t test   Standard deviation   Analysis of variance   Chi square
11 .		Which of the following could NOT be a cause of variation in high school achievement? [Hint]   College attendance   Reading ability   Parental involvement   Teacher expectations
12 .		In a study of the effect of gender on career choice, the dependent variable is [Hint]   gender.   blue-collar jobs.   career choice.   white-collar jobs.
13 .		A researcher investigated college grade-point average for resident and nonresident students in three levels of family income. The likely control variable is [Hint]   college grade-point average.   resident or nonresident status.   college completion rate.   family income.
14 .		How many independent variables are there in a causal-comparative study investigating the effect of gender on empathy? [Hint]   Two.   One.   It depends on how many levels of empathy are studied.   There are no independent variables.
15 .		A measure that indicates the average performance of a group on some variable is the [Hint]   mean.   analysis of covariance.   chi square.   standard deviation.
16 .		The inferential statistic used to determine whether there are differences in the frequency of an occurrence between two or more groups is [Hint]   analysis of covariance.   mean.   chi square.   standard deviation.
17 .		The statistic used to determine the relationship between two variables is [Hint]   analysis of covariance.   chi square.   standard deviation.   Pearson r.
18 .		Which of the following is NOT a control procedure used in causal-comparative research? [Hint]   Matching   Subgroups   Chi square   Analysis of covariance
19 .		Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others? [Hint]   Group comparisons   Pearson r   Relationships   Correlation
20 .		The statistical procedure used to study the interaction of two independent variables on the dependent variable is known as [Hint]   Chi square.   t test.   factorial analysis of variance.   analysis of covariance.