1 .		If variables a and b are highly correlated, then [Hint]   there is a strong relationship between a and b.   a causes b.   b causes a.   there is no relationship between a and b.
2 .		In a study of the relationship between self-concept and resilience for males and for females, the minimal acceptable sample size for the whole study would be [Hint]   10   30   60   90
3 .		Smaller sample sizes can be used in correlation research when [Hint]   The researcher expects no relationship between the variables.   There are only two variables to correlate.   The instruments used to measure the variables have low validity and reliability.   The instruments used to measure the variables have high validity and reliability.
4 .		In a study of the relationship between math anxiety and math aptitude, which of the following is a reasonable correlation coefficient to expect? [Hint]   +1.00   +0.67   -0.67   -1.00
5 .		If scores on assertiveness tend to be higher for students who have higher scores on self-concept, which of the following is a reasonable correlation between assertiveness and self-concept? [Hint]   +1.21   +0.78   -0.78   -1.21
6 .		A correlation coefficient of -.45 is generally considered to be [Hint]   no correlation.   low.   moderate.   high.
7 .		A common variance of .70 indicates a correlation that would be considered [Hint]   no correlation.   low.   moderate.   high.
8 .		Which of the following could indicate a statistically significant correlation? [Hint]   0.12   0.34   -.45   All of the above
9 .		Using a sample of 30 participants, a researcher finds a correlation of .30 between two variables. The relationship is not statistically significant. If the researcher were to triple her sample size, which of the following is most likely? [Hint]   The correlation would be statistically significant.   The correlation would be larger.   The correlation would be smaller.   Nothing is likely to change.
10 .		What is a researcher doing when he removes the variance explained by one variable in order to understand the correlation between two other variables? [Hint]   Statistical significance   Attenuation   Controlling for the variable   Multiple regression research
11 .		The Pearson product moment correlation is used to demonstrate the relationship between [Hint]   two continuous variables.   two rank-ordered variables.   variables that are expected to be curvilinearly related.   dichotomous variables.
12 .		Use the following graphs for questions 12 through 14. a. b. c. d. Which graph most likely represents a Pearson r correlation of -.89? [Hint]   a   b   c   d
13 .		Music from the 1970s had a resurgence in popularity in the last five years. Which graph might depict the relationship of record sales and time since release? [Hint]   a   b   c   d
14 .		Which graph would most likely represent the relationship between punishment orientation and school climate? [Hint]   a   b   c   d
15 .		The possible range in scores on a math achievement test was 0-100. The observed range for a sample of 100 students was 80-90. The possible range for these same students' science scores was 0-100 and the actual range was 45-49. The correlation between math and science scores was .29. The researcher would be most justified in concluding that the strength of the correlation was affected by [Hint]   restriction of range.   shrinkage.   small sample size.   common variance.
16 .		In a prediction study of the relationship between age and cognitive development, the criterion variable would be [Hint]   age after controlling for cognitive development.   age.   cognitive development.   cognitive development after controlling for age.
17 .		A researcher studied the predictors of dropout rate of urban school students over many years. He found that his set of predictor variables explained 89% of the variability in likelihood to quit school. In a study of 10,000 students in five rural school districts, the predictor variables accounted for only 45% of the variance. What is the most likely explanation for this finding? [Hint]   Validity of instruments   Attenuation   Sample size   Shrinkage
18 .		Which research method allows the researcher to reduce the number of variables studied? [Hint]   Factor analysis   Path analysis   Discriminant function analysis   Canonical correlation
19 .		Which of the following is NOT a prediction study? [Hint]   Canonical correlation   Path analysis   Discriminant function analysis   Factor analysis
20 .		Which of the following is to relationship studies as the coefficient of determination is to prediction studies? [Hint]   Common variance   Factor analysis   Canonical correlation   Pearson r