1 .		Ms. Bertel has coded her observations to hide the identity of each of the three participants in her study. She is ensuring [Hint]   protection from harm.   confidentiality.   informed consent.   anonymity.
2 .		Which of the following sampling strategies was used when the three students with the highest GPAs were selected? [Hint]   Extreme case   Snowball   Maximum variation   Normal case
3 .		In which of the following situations would Mr. Paternostro use normal case sampling? [Hint]   He is interested in understanding the perceptions of all tenth-grade students in one high school.   He is interested in the concerns of the coaches whose teams finished in the middle of the conference.   He is reflecting the desires of the school board to understand the thoughts of the faculty in the poorest-performing schools.   He needs to work through several informants before identifying the participants who have the traits he is studying.
4 .		Which sampling strategy was used when subjects who were very pleased or very displeased were selected? [Hint]   Snowball   Extreme case   Confirming and disconfirming cases   Maximum variation
5 .		Which type of observer is likely to get a reasonable insight into the participant's views and develop a good rapport with him? [Hint]   Nonparticipant   Unstructured participant   Participant   Structured participant
6 .		Ms. Kern sampled the brightest students in the fifth grade at her school. She observed them in their classes at school and as they interacted with teachers and students when on campus. Her observation can be characterized as which of the following? [Hint]   Historical research   Typical case sampling   Totally structured   Naturalistic
7 .		On which component of his field notes was Mr. Miller focused when he expressed in his notes his thoughts and ideas about what he observed? [Hint]   Reflection   Protocol   Formal data analysis   Description
8 .		Ms. Pinot began observing as soon as her study was cleared by the Human Subjects Committee and she gained entry to her site. She took copious notes while observing, and she wrote them up shortly afterwards. She was convinced that her initial data confirmed her beliefs about the interactions of her participants. Which guide to observation has she probably violated? [Hint]   Starting slowly   Entering the field without preconceptions   Summarizing field notes as soon as possible   Concentrating on writing detailed descriptive field notes
9 .		Memo writing helps accomplish all of the following EXCEPT [Hint]   identify topics or issues for further exploration.   select appropriate participants.   identify areas that could provide focus for the formal data analysis.   provide opportunities to reflect on methodology.
10 .		According to the author, which advice would you offer a novice researcher conducting her first observation? [Hint]   Observe only one behavior at a time.   Allow variables to emerge from the context.   Record behaviors only after leaving the site.   Develop a preconceived notion of what is going to help structure the observation
11 .		Which of the following is the most commonly used method for estimating the reliability of observations? [Hint]   Test-retest   Equivalent forms   Internal consistency   Interobserver agreement
12 .		Mr. Robbins is concerned about potential problems with the reliability of his observers. Which strategy would you suggest he follow? [Hint]   Specify the observational variables.   Train his observers carefully.   Monitor his observers in the field.   All of the above.
13 .		Which of the following provides insight into the complexity of using interviews? [Hint]   Potential influence of gender or cultural differences between interviewer and interviewee   The accuracy of the interviewee's responses   The different semantic meanings of the language being used   All of the above
14 .		Which of the following terms describes an interview protocol in which the topics and questions to be addressed were identified, but the order in which the questions could be asked was not stipulated? [Hint]   Unstructured   Partially structured   Semistructured   Structured
15 .		Which type of interview would you recommend to Mr. Brown if he had little or no sense of the issues that his interviewee wished to discuss or in which she was interested? [Hint]   Unstructured   Partially structured   Semistructured   Structured
16 .		Which of the following is the least obtrusive and most accurate method for recording data in an interview? [Hint]   Note taking   Videotaping   Audiotaping   Writing notes after the interview
17 .		Which of the following represents excellent advice for conducting an interview? [Hint]   Listen more and talk less.   Don't interrupt.   Don't be judgmental about the interviewee's beliefs or views.   All of the above.
18 .		The influence of the researcher's background, personal experiences, preferences, or attitude on an interview or observation is technically defined as [Hint]   observer effect.   nonparticipant effect.   participant bias.   observer bias.
19 .		Which term technically describes a situation in which an observer's work in a first-grade classroom disrupts the normal routines due to the curiosity of the students? [Hint]   Observer effect   Participant effect   Nonparticipant bias   Observer bias
20 .		Which of the following is an excellent way to enhance the validity of observational and interview data collection? [Hint]   Spend an extended period of time in the field.   Obtain participant trust.   Recognize your own biases.   All of the above.