

- Identify key events in the history of pharmacology.
- Explain the interdisciplinary nature of pharmacology, giving examples of subject areas needed to learn the discipline well.
- Compare and contrast therapeutics and pharmacology.
- Compare and contrast traditional drugs, biologics, and alternative therapies.
- Identify the advantages and disadvantages of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
- Identify key U.S. drug regulations that have ensured the safety and efficacy of medications.
- Discuss the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the drug approval process.
- Explain the four stages of approval for therapeutic and biological drugs.
- Discuss how the FDA has increased the speed with which new drugs reach consumers.
- Describe the Canadian drug approval process and identify similarities between how drugs are approved in the United States.