Bureaucracy:  the many rules in a large and complex organization like the government or large companies. It is difficult to make changes in organizations that have a large bureaucracy because you have to follow so many rules.  227

Departmentalization:  organizing jobs into groups according to the type of work done. For example, all jobs that are about persuading people to buy a product or service can be in the department called marketing.  229

Premortem

before death; in business, planning a premortem strategy means that the company thinks about possible future problems and takes action now to prevent these problems.  254

The carrot and the stick

reward and punishment for controlling behaviour; the carrot refers to rewards a company uses to encourage workers to behave in a certain way; the stick refers to the punishment a company uses as a threat to discourage workers to behave in a certain way.   254