Ancillary:An ancillary activity is something that is added and related to a larger main activity that improves it. For example, if the main work of an organization is to improve the environment, then ancillary activities might include educating the public about pollution, or persuading the government to make laws against polluting.184

Bad apples:an expression referring to any kind of mistake or bad action as unusual or not common. The expression comes from the fact that there are always a few bad apples in a bunch (of apples).157

Beneficial:helpful; something that has a positive influence on something else.180

Continuum: We imagine a continuum as a line with two ends that are limits (stops). As we move across the line, the description of something changes so that one thing becomes something else, but we cannot say exactly where on the line one thing changes into another thing. For example, in schools, students are often graded on a continuum such as excellent…good…satisfactory…improving…needs much improvement.175

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease:  a brain sickness that gets worse and worse until it kills you.  170

Dialogue:a conversation.  177

Ethics:rules or beliefs that help you decide what is right and wrong.  156

Ethnic:something or someone from a specific cultural group.  158

Fenfluramine:a chemical in a diet pill called Pondimin that caused heart problems. The drug is not sold anymore.  171

Gentlemen's agreement:a spoken agreement that people trust like a formal written contract even though it is not written down.  170

“Laissez-faire” philosophy:  a belief that it is best to not interfere but to leave it alone. Laissez-faire is French and means “let it be (alone)” or “leave it alone”. A laissez-faire government does not interfere in business and trade. It lets the market direct itself.  164

Obstructionist:intentionally not doing something, or intentionally stopping something from happening. For example, if a company has done something illegal, an obstructionist stance would be to interfere with the official investigation and try to hide the wrong action.175

Padding:putting extra costs on an expense account that should not be there. An expense account is the money some workers (often workers who travel or managers) are allowed to spend when they do business outside the office. Common expenses include meals with customers and travel costs.  159

 Philanthropy:  giving large amounts of money to organizations that help people who need help. An example of corporate philanthropy is when a company gives money to an organization that helps poor children who are very sick get operations.186

Pollution:poisons in the natural environment such as in the air or in the water.166

Pyramid schemes:dishonest money-making businesses that need to persuade more and more people to invest money in them in order for the businesses to be successful. A customer’s money is used to pay other people who have invested in the company; it is not used to benefit the customer. Eventually, pyramid schemes fail because they cannot always find new people to invest in them.162

Skate on the edge:act in a way that is almost illegal.  157

Stock market bubble:a type of economic activity where investors believe that a product (or service) is valuable so they buy company stocks; this raises the price of the stock, which then causes investors to believe the company is even more valuable, so the stock price increases again. This pattern leads to a very high stock price that overvalues the stock; this is the bubble. Eventually, the stock price will come down very quickly and many investors will lose money; this will break the bubble.  157

Vigilant:Careful; paying careful attention.  159