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Chapter 1 |
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Glossary: Idiomatic and Key Terms |
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Analysis: a careful and detailed study of something. 31
Anti-combines legislation: laws made so that there is healthy competition in the market place; these laws stop businesses from working together secretly to cheat people and control market prices. 26
Catalytic converters: small machines in the exhaust system of a car that reduce the gas pollution from the car. 34
Countervailing powers: groups that have the same power and influence, but have opposite effects. 27
Crown corporation: a company run by the government. 13
Entrepreneur: a person who starts and works for his/her own business. Entrepreneurs usually like adventure and like to be leaders. 8
Environmental Contaminants Act: a law that limits the amount of pollution a company is allowed to produce. 16
Equilibrium: a balance. 19
Facilitate: help to make something possible. 3
Fraudulent: not real or true, but made to look real or true so that people think it is real or true. Fraudulence is a form of cheating. 35
Hypothetical: imaginary; Sometimes we picture an imaginary situation in our mind to help us consider several possible consequences of an idea or action. This is especially useful in planning and problem-solving. 19
Megawatt laundering: A very big plan to cheat with money by moving illegal money through banks and businesses to make it look like legal money. In physics, megawatt is a large amount of electric power (1000000watts); Megawatt laundering is a clever expression to describe the illegal acts of Enron because Enron was an energy company. 35
Legislation: laws made by the government. 15
Lobbyist: a person or group who tries to persuade politicians, the government or other authorities to do something. Lobbyists usually try to convince authorities to change rules or laws. 17
Machinery: an object or machine with many moving parts that is made to do something specificfound it. 25
Mercantilist philosophy: common economic policy in Europe during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. In mercantilism the government controlled industry and trade in order to maximize exports. 25
Oligopoly: a small group of companies that are the only ones to produce something (the same thing). The members of the group control the market and agree to sell their product at high prices. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an example of an oligopoly. 23
Palladium: metal (Pd) used to make electrical connectors and small tools that need to be very exact such as watches or tools used in hospital operations; Palladium is also used in jewellery. 34
Privatization: selling public organizations to private owners or moving jobs from government organizations to private companies. 12
Productivity: how efficiently something is produced. High productivity means that more of the product is produced at less cost. 12
Scenario: a possible situation or event. 21
Scheme: a plan that gives benefits to one group by lying to another group. 36
Socialism: a system for running a country where resources are shared equally by all people instead of owned by one person or one group. 9
Specialization: doing only one specific activity in order to make a complex job easier. 26
Summary: a short description that includes only the main ideas or facts of something. 29
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